Practical guidelines to the clinical manifestations
Illustrations of the clinical aspects
Aids diagnosis by means of flow charts and numerous tables
Practical lists of dietary and other therapeutic measures
Urticaria is one of the most common dermatological and allergological cutaneous reactions and, compared to other diseases, it is easily recognized by patients and physicians alike. Nevertheless, the disease is highly complex regarding its eliciting causes, its clinical manifestations and its therapy. Thus, a famous New York dermatologist once mentioned that he would rather have a lion than a patient with chronic urticaria walk into his office. This may seem surprising since, to the uninitiated, different types of urticaria look alike, and the pathomechanisms are rather well understood, with mast cells being almost invariably the main effector cells. In 1986, a monograph of the first editor (Prof. Czarnetzki, now with the married name Henz) appeared, giving a detailed and thorough review of the then current state of knowledge regarding all aspects of the disease. Since then, two updates of this book have appeared in the German language, with coworkers of the clinic of Prof. Henz helping in the revision of the various chapters of the old monograph, and with particular emphasis on practical aspects of the disease. The present book is mainly a translation of the second German edition, with only minor updates and with more citations from the literature since the 1986 monograph is no longer available for purchase.
1 The Spectrum of Urticaria.- 1.1 Historical Aspects.- 1.2 Definition and Classification.- 1.3 Pathogenesis.- 1.4 Epidemiology.- 1.5 Clinical Aspects.- 1.5.1 Cutaneous Manifestations.- 1.5.2 Extracutaneous Symptoms.- 1.5.3 Anaphylaxis.- 1.5.4 Serum Sickness.- 1.6 Clinical Aspects of Intolerance Reactions.- 2 Causes of Urticaria.- 2.1 General Aspects.- 2.2 Allergic Urticaria.- 2.2.1 Pathomechanisms.- 2.2.2 Routes of Elicitation.- 2.2.3 Drugs.- 2.2.4 Inhalent Allergens.- 2.2.5 Food.- 2.3 Pseudoalleles.- 2.3.1 Definitions.- 2.3.2 Classification and Frequency.- 2.3.3 Epidemiology.- 2.4 Infections and Infestations.- 2.5 Internal Diseases.- 2.6 Hormones and Hormonal Dysfunctions.- 2.7 Neurologic and Psychological Factors.- 2.8 Stinging Insects and Plants.- 3 Acute and Chronic Urticaria.- 3.1 Definition.- 3.2 General Aspects.- 3.3 Epidemiology.- 3.4 Acute Urticaria.- 3.4.1 Clinical and Diagnostic Aspects.- 3.4.2 Therapy.- 3.5 Chronic Urticaria.- 3.5.1 Clinical Aspects and Diagnosis.- 3.5.2 Therapy.- 4 Angioedema.- 4.1 Definition.- 4.2 Epidemiology.- 4.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 4.3.1 Cutaneous Symptoms.- 4.3.2 Extracutaneous Symptoms.- 4.4 Course and Prognosis.- 4.5 Diagnosis.- 4.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 4.7 Therapy.- 5 Physical Urticaria.- 5.1 General Aspects.- 5.1.1 Definition and Classification.- 5.1.2 Epidemiology.- 5.1.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 5.1.4 Diagnosis.- 5.1.5 Therapy.- 5.2 Dermographic Urticaria.- 5.2.1 Definition.- 5.2.2 Epidemiology.- 5.2.3 Clinical Aspects.- 5.2.4 Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis.- 5.2.5 Associated Symptoms and/or Diseases.- 5.2.6 Therapy.- 5.3 Delayed Pressure Urticaria.- 5.3.1 Definition.- 5.3.2 Epidemiology.- 5.3.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 5.3.4 Associated Diseases.- 5.3.5 Diagnosis.- 5.3.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 5.3.7 Therapy.- 5.4 Cold Urticaria.- 5.4.1 Definition and Classification.- 5.4.2 Epidemiology.- 5.4.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 5.4.4 Associated Diseases.- 5.4.5 Diagnosis.- 5.4.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 5.4.7 Therapy.- 5.5 Heat Contact Urticaria.- 5.5.1 Definition and Causes.- 5.5.2 General Aspects.- 5.5.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 5.5.4 Associated Diseases.- 5.5.5 Diagnosis.- 5.5.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 5.5.7 Prognosis.- 5.5.8 Therapy.- 5.6 Solar Urticaria.- 5.6.1 General Aspects.- 5.6.2 Clinical Manifestations.- 5.6.3 Diagnosis.- 5.6.4 Differential Diagnosis.- 5.6.5 Therapy.- 6 Cholinergic Urticaria.- 6.1 Definition.- 6.2 Epidemiology.- 6.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 6.4 Associated Diseases.- 6.5 Diagnosis.- 6.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 6.7 Related Diseases.- 6.8 Therapy.- 7 Contact Urticaria.- 7.1 Definition.- 7.2 Epidemiology.- 7.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 7.4 Different Types of Contact Urticaria.- 7.4.1 Allergic Contact Urticaria.- 7.4.2 Non-Allergic Contact Urticaria..- 7.4.3 Substances with Unknown Mechanisms of Action....- 7.5 Diagnosis.- 7.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 7.7 Associated Diseases.- 7.8 Therapy.- 7.9 Latex Allergy.- 7.9.1 Preparation and Use of Latex.- 7.9.2 Epidemiology.- 7.9.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 7.9.4 Predisposing Factors.- 7.9.5 Characterization of Latex Allergens.- 7.9.6 Diagnostic Procedures.- 7.9.7 Cross Reactions.- 7.9.8 Therapy.- 7.10 AquagenicUrticaria.- 8 Urticarial Vasculitis Syndrome.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Epidemiology.- 8.3 Clinical Manifestation.- 8.4 Diagnosis.- 8.5 Associated Diseases.- 8.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 8.7 Therapy.- 9 Mastocytosis (Urticaria Pigmentosa).- 9.1 Definition.- 9.2 Epidemiology.- 9.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 9.3.1 Cutaneous Mastocytosis.- 9.3.2 Systemic Mastocytosis.- 9.4 Symptomatology.- 9.5 Histology.- 9.6 Laboratory Findings.- 9.7 Diagnosis.- 9.8 Prognosis.- 9.9 Therapy.- 10 Diagnosis of Urticaria.- 10.1 Practical Approach.- 10.2 Tests for Allergy.- 10.2.1 General Aspects.- 10.2.2 Skin Tests for Type-I Allergies.- 10.2.3 Provocation Tests for Type-I Allergies.- 10.2.4 Laboratory Tests for Type-I Allergies.- 10.3 Diagnosis of Intolerance Reactions.- 10.4 Other Laboratory Tests.- 10.5 Differential Diagnosis.- 11 Urticaria Therapy.- 11.1 Basic Therapeutic Considerations.- 11.2 Treatment of Causes.- 11.2.1 Removing or Avoidance of the Cause.- 11.2.2 Dietary Management of Chronic Urticaria Due to Pseudoallergens.- 11.2.2.1 Practical Guidelines for the Dietary Avoidance of Pseudoallergens.- 11.2.3 Specific Immunotherapy.- 11.3 Mast Cell-Directed Therapy.- 11.4 Therapy at the Target Organ.- 11.4.1 Antihistamines.- 11.4.2 Further Therapeutic Possibilities.- 11.5 Prophylactic Therapy.- 11.6 Emergency Treatment.- A Urticaria Questionnaire.- B Urticaria Diary.- C Test Protocol: Physical Urticaria.- D1 Low Pseudoallergen Diet.- D2 Expansion of the Low Pseudoallergen Diet After Freedom of Symptoms Has Been Obtained.- E Low Pseudoallergen Diet — Suggestions for Recipes.
This book provides a practical, comprehensive review of all clinical aspects and causes as well as the diagnosis and therapy of different types of urticaria. The various chapters deal with acute and chronic urticaria, angioedema, physical urticaria, contact urticaria, pseudoallergic reactions, urticarial vasculitis and mastocytosis. The book is a revision of a monograph which appeared in 1986 and which was since revised twice, particularly regarding newer insights regarding the possible causes of and novel therapeutic approaches to urticaria. The book will hopefully be a practical help in the management of patients with urticaria for physicians specialized in dermatology, allergology, internal medicine, pediatrics and general medicine alike.
1 The Spectrum of Urticaria.- 1.1 Historical Aspects.- 1.2 Definition and Classification.- 1.3 Pathogenesis.- 1.4 Epidemiology.- 1.5 Clinical Aspects.- 1.6 Clinical Aspects of Intolerance Reactions.- 2 Causes of Urticaria.- 2.1 General Aspects.- 2.2 Allergic Urticaria.- 2.3 Pseudoalleles.- 2.4 Infections and Infestations.- 2.5 Internal Diseases.- 2.6 Hormones and Hormonal Dysfunctions.- 2.7 Neurologic and Psychological Factors.- 2.8 Stinging Insects and Plants.- 3 Acute and Chronic Urticaria.- 3.1 Definition.- 3.2 General Aspects.- 3.3 Epidemiology.- 3.4 Acute Urticaria.- 3.5 Chronic Urticaria.- 4 Angioedema.- 4.1 Definition.- 4.2 Epidemiology.- 4.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 4.4 Course and Prognosis.- 4.5 Diagnosis.- 4.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 4.7 Therapy.- 5 Physical Urticaria.- 5.1 General Aspects.- 5.2 Dermographic Urticaria.- 5.3 Delayed Pressure Urticaria.- 5.4 Cold Urticaria.- 5.5 Heat Contact Urticaria.- 5.6 Solar Urticaria.- 6 Cholinergic Urticaria.- 6.1 Definition.- 6.2 Epidemiology.- 6.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 6.4 Associated Diseases.- 6.5 Diagnosis.- 6.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 6.7 Related Diseases.- 6.8 Therapy.- 7 Contact Urticaria.- 7.1 Definition.- 7.2 Epidemiology.- 7.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 7.4 Different Types of Contact Urticaria.- 7.5 Diagnosis.- 7.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 7.7 Associated Diseases.- 7.8 Therapy.- 7.9 Latex Allergy.- 7.10 AquagenicUrticaria.- 8 Urticarial Vasculitis Syndrome.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Epidemiology.- 8.3 Clinical Manifestation.- 8.4 Diagnosis.- 8.5 Associated Diseases.- 8.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 8.7 Therapy.- 9 Mastocytosis (Urticaria Pigmentosa).- 9.1 Definition.- 9.2 Epidemiology.- 9.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 9.4 Symptomatology.- 9.5 Histology.- 9.6 Laboratory Findings.- 9.7 Diagnosis.- 9.8 Prognosis.- 9.9 Therapy.- 10 Diagnosis of Urticaria.- 10.1 Practical Approach.- 10.2 Tests for Allergy.- 10.3 Diagnosis of Intolerance Reactions.- 10.4 Other Laboratory Tests.- 10.5 Differential Diagnosis.- 11 Urticaria Therapy.- 11.1 Basic Therapeutic Considerations.- 11.2 Treatment of Causes.- 11.3 Mast Cell-Directed Therapy.- 11.4 Therapy at the Target Organ.- 11.5 Prophylactic Therapy.- 11.6 Emergency Treatment.- A Urticaria Questionnaire.- B Urticaria Diary.- C Test Protocol: Physical Urticaria.- D1 Low Pseudoallergen Diet.- D2 Expansion of the Low Pseudoallergen Diet After Freedom of Symptoms Has Been Obtained.- E Low Pseudoallergen Diet - Suggestions for Recipes.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1 The Spectrum of Urticaria.- 1.1 Historical Aspects.- 1.2 Definition and Classification.- 1.3 Pathogenesis.- 1.4 Epidemiology.- 1.5 Clinical Aspects.- 1.5.1 Cutaneous Manifestations.- 1.5.2 Extracutaneous Symptoms.- 1.5.3 Anaphylaxis.- 1.5.4 Serum Sickness.- 1.6 Clinical Aspects of Intolerance Reactions.- 2 Causes of Urticaria.- 2.1 General Aspects.- 2.2 Allergic Urticaria.- 2.2.1 Pathomechanisms.- 2.2.2 Routes of Elicitation.- 2.2.3 Drugs.- 2.2.4 Inhalent Allergens.- 2.2.5 Food.- 2.3 Pseudoalleles.- 2.3.1 Definitions.- 2.3.2 Classification and Frequency.- 2.3.3 Epidemiology.- 2.4 Infections and Infestations.- 2.5 Internal Diseases.- 2.6 Hormones and Hormonal Dysfunctions.- 2.7 Neurologic and Psychological Factors.- 2.8 Stinging Insects and Plants.- 3 Acute and Chronic Urticaria.- 3.1 Definition.- 3.2 General Aspects.- 3.3 Epidemiology.- 3.4 Acute Urticaria.- 3.4.1 Clinical and Diagnostic Aspects.- 3.4.2 Therapy.- 3.5 Chronic Urticaria.- 3.5.1 Clinical Aspects and Diagnosis.- 3.5.2 Therapy.- 4 Angioedema.- 4.1 Definition.- 4.2 Epidemiology.- 4.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 4.3.1 Cutaneous Symptoms.- 4.3.2 Extracutaneous Symptoms.- 4.4 Course and Prognosis.- 4.5 Diagnosis.- 4.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 4.7 Therapy.- 5 Physical Urticaria.- 5.1 General Aspects.- 5.1.1 Definition and Classification.- 5.1.2 Epidemiology.- 5.1.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 5.1.4 Diagnosis.- 5.1.5 Therapy.- 5.2 Dermographic Urticaria.- 5.2.1 Definition.- 5.2.2 Epidemiology.- 5.2.3 Clinical Aspects.- 5.2.4 Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis.- 5.2.5 Associated Symptoms and/or Diseases.- 5.2.6 Therapy.- 5.3 Delayed Pressure Urticaria.- 5.3.1 Definition.- 5.3.2 Epidemiology.- 5.3.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 5.3.4 Associated Diseases.- 5.3.5 Diagnosis.- 5.3.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 5.3.7 Therapy.- 5.4 Cold Urticaria.- 5.4.1 Definition and Classification.- 5.4.2 Epidemiology.- 5.4.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 5.4.4 Associated Diseases.- 5.4.5 Diagnosis.- 5.4.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 5.4.7 Therapy.- 5.5 Heat Contact Urticaria.- 5.5.1 Definition and Causes.- 5.5.2 General Aspects.- 5.5.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 5.5.4 Associated Diseases.- 5.5.5 Diagnosis.- 5.5.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 5.5.7 Prognosis.- 5.5.8 Therapy.- 5.6 Solar Urticaria.- 5.6.1 General Aspects.- 5.6.2 Clinical Manifestations.- 5.6.3 Diagnosis.- 5.6.4 Differential Diagnosis.- 5.6.5 Therapy.- 6 Cholinergic Urticaria.- 6.1 Definition.- 6.2 Epidemiology.- 6.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 6.4 Associated Diseases.- 6.5 Diagnosis.- 6.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 6.7 Related Diseases.- 6.8 Therapy.- 7 Contact Urticaria.- 7.1 Definition.- 7.2 Epidemiology.- 7.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 7.4 Different Types of Contact Urticaria.- 7.4.1 Allergic Contact Urticaria.- 7.4.2 Non-Allergic Contact Urticaria..- 7.4.3 Substances with Unknown Mechanisms of Action....- 7.5 Diagnosis.- 7.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 7.7 Associated Diseases.- 7.8 Therapy.- 7.9 Latex Allergy.- 7.9.1 Preparation and Use of Latex.- 7.9.2 Epidemiology.- 7.9.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 7.9.4 Predisposing Factors.- 7.9.5 Characterization of Latex Allergens.- 7.9.6 Diagnostic Procedures.- 7.9.7 Cross Reactions.- 7.9.8 Therapy.- 7.10 AquagenicUrticaria.- 8 Urticarial Vasculitis Syndrome.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Epidemiology.- 8.3 Clinical Manifestation.- 8.4 Diagnosis.- 8.5 Associated Diseases.- 8.6 Differential Diagnosis.- 8.7 Therapy.- 9 Mastocytosis (Urticaria Pigmentosa).- 9.1 Definition.- 9.2 Epidemiology.- 9.3 Clinical Manifestations.- 9.3.1 Cutaneous Mastocytosis.- 9.3.2 Systemic Mastocytosis.- 9.4 Symptomatology.- 9.5 Histology.- 9.6 Laboratory Findings.- 9.7 Diagnosis.- 9.8 Prognosis.- 9.9 Therapy.- 10 Diagnosis of Urticaria.- 10.1 Practical Approach.- 10.2 Tests for Allergy.- 10.2.1 General Aspects.- 10.2.2 Skin Tests for Type-I Allergies.- 10.2.3 Provocation Tests for Type-I Allergies.- 10.2.4 Laboratory Tests for Type-I Allergies.- 10.3 Diagnosis of Intolerance Reactions.- 10.4 Other Laboratory Tests.- 10.5 Differential Diagnosis.- 11 Urticaria Therapy.- 11.1 Basic Therapeutic Considerations.- 11.2 Treatment of Causes.- 11.2.1 Removing or Avoidance of the Cause.- 11.2.2 Dietary Management of Chronic Urticaria Due to Pseudoallergens.- 11.2.2.1 Practical Guidelines for the Dietary Avoidance of Pseudoallergens.- 11.2.3 Specific Immunotherapy.- 11.3 Mast Cell-Directed Therapy.- 11.4 Therapy at the Target Organ.- 11.4.1 Antihistamines.- 11.4.2 Further Therapeutic Possibilities.- 11.5 Prophylactic Therapy.- 11.6 Emergency Treatment.- A Urticaria Questionnaire.- B Urticaria Diary.- C Test Protocol: Physical Urticaria.- D1 Low Pseudoallergen Diet.- D2 Expansion of the Low Pseudoallergen Diet After Freedom of Symptoms Has Been Obtained.- E Low Pseudoallergen Diet - Suggestions for Recipes.
Klappentext
Urticaria is one of the most common dermatological and allergological cutaneous reactions and, compared to other diseases, it is easily recognized by patients and physicians alike. Nevertheless, the disease is highly complex regarding its eliciting causes, its clinical manifestations and its therapy. Thus, a famous New York dermatologist once mentioned that he would rather have a lion than a patient with chronic urticaria walk into his office. This may seem surprising since, to the uninitiated, different types of urticaria look alike, and the pathomechanisms are rather well understood, with mast cells being almost invariably the main effector cells. In 1986, a monograph of the first editor (Prof. Czarnetzki, now with the married name Henz) appeared, giving a detailed and thorough review of the then current state of knowledge regarding all aspects of the disease. Since then, two updates of this book have appeared in the German language, with coworkers of the clinic of Prof. Henz helping in the revision of the various chapters of the old monograph, and with particular emphasis on practical aspects of the disease. The present book is mainly a translation of the second German edition, with only minor updates and with more citations from the literature since the 1986 monograph is no longer available for purchase.
Practical guidelines to the clinical manifestations
Illustrations of the clinical aspects
Aids diagnosis by means of flow charts and numerous tables
Practical lists of dietary and other therapeutic measures
