The Plasmodium spp. parasite was identified as the causative agent of malaria in 1880, and the mosquito was identified as the vector in 1897. Despite subsequent efforts focused on the epidemiology, cell biology, immunology, molecular biology, and clinical manifestations of malaria and the Plasmodium parasite, there is still no licensed vaccine for the prevention of malaria. Physical barriers (bed nets, window screens) and chemical prevention methods (insecticides and mosquito repellents) intended to interfere with the transmission of the disease are not highly effective, and the profile of resistance of the parasite to chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic agents is increasing. The dawn of the new millennium has seen a resurgence of interest in the disease by government and philanthropic organizations, but we are still faced with compl- ities of the parasite, the host, and the vector, and the interactions among them. Malaria Methods and Protocols offers a comprehensive collection of protocols describing conventional and state-of-the-art techniques for the study of malaria, as well as associated theory and potential problems, written by experts in the field. The major themes reflected here include assessing the risk of infection and severity of disease, laboratory models, diagnosis and typing, molecular biology techniques, immunological techniques, cell biology techniques, and field applications.
Part I. Assessing Risk of Infection and Severity of Disease Vector Incrimination and Entomological Inoculation Rates John C. Beier Epidemiological Measures of Risk of Malaria J. Kevin Baird, Michael J. Bangs, Jason D. Maguire, and Mazie J. Barcus Part II. Laboratory Models Maintenance of the Plasmodium berghei Life Cycle Robert E. Sinden, Geoff A. Butcher, and A. L. Beetsma Mouse Models for Pre-Erythrocytic-Stage Malaria Laurent Rénia, Elodie Belnoue, and Irène Landau Mouse Models for Erythrocytic-Stage Malaria Latifu A. Sanni, Luis F. Fonseca, and Jean Langhorne Nonhuman Primate Models : I. Nonhuman Primate Host-Parasite Combinations William E. Collins Nonhuman Primate Models : II. Infection of Saimiri and Aotus Monkeys with Plasmodium vivax William E. Collins Part III. Diagnosis and Typing Vector Analysis John C. Beier Genotyping of Plasmodium spp.: Nested PCR Georges Snounou Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum: PCR-RFLP Analysis Ingrid Felger and Hans-Peter Beck Microsatellite Analysis in Plasmodium falciparum Xin-zhuan Su and Michael T. Ferdig Quantitation of Liver-Stage Parasites by Automated TaqMan® Real-Time PCR Adam A. Witney, Robert M. Anthony, and Daniel J. Carucci Quantitation of Liver-Stage Parasites by Competitive RT-PCR Kyle C. McKenna and Marcelo R. S. Briones Part IV. Molecular Biology Techniques Extraction and Purification of Plasmodium Total RNA Till Voss Extraction and Purification of Plasmodium Parasite DNA Hans-Peter Beck Southern Blotting of Parasite DNA Tobias Spielmann SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting of Plasmodium falciparum Proteins Roland A. Cooper Nested PCR Analysis of Plasmodium Parasites Georges Snounou and BalbirSingh RFLP Analysis Hans-Peter Beck Analysis of Gene Expression by RT-PCR Peter Preiser In Situ Detection of RNA in Blood- and Mosquito-Stage Malaria Parasites Joanne Thompson Purification of Chromosomes from Plasmodium falciparum Daniel J. Carucci, Paul Horrocks, and Malcolm J. Gardner Construction of Genomic Libraries from the DNA of Plasmodium Species Leda M. Cummings, Dharmendar Rathore, and Thomas F. McCutchan Construction of a Gene Library with Mung Bean Nuclease-Treated Genomic DNA Dharmendar Rathore and Thomas F. McCutchan Construction of Plasmodium falciparum l cDNA Libraries David A. Fidock, Dharmendar Rathore, and Thomas F. McCutchan Production of Stage-Specific Plasmodium falciparum cDNA Libraries Using Subtractive Hybridization David A. Fidock, Thanh V. Nguyen, Brenda T. Beerntsen, and Anthony A. James Construction and Screening of YAC Libraries Cecilia P. Sanchez, Martin Preuss, and Michael Lanzer Episomal Transformation of Plasmodium berghei Chris J. Janse and Andrew P. Waters Gene Targeting in Plasmodium berghei Vandana Thathy and Robert Ménard Part V. Immunological Techniques Peptide Vaccination, Valentin Meraldi Jackeline F. Romero, and Giampietro Corradin DNA Vaccination Richard C. Hedstrom and Denise L. Doolan Assessing Antigen-Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Mice After Immunization with Recombinant Viruses Moriya Tsuji Assessing CD4+ Helper T-Lymphocyte Responses by Lymphoproliferation Isabella A. Quakyi and Jeffrey D. Ahlers Limiting Dilution Analysis of Antigen-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Mice Elsa Seixas, Jean Langhorne, and Stuart Quin Cell Trafficking: Malaria Blood-Stage Parasite-Specific CD4+ T Cells After Adoptive Transfer into Mice Chakrit
Despite considerable scientific and medical effort over the past decades, malaria remains the most important human parasitic disease. It is responsible for up to 3 million deaths and another 300-500 million new cases each year, and is becoming resistant to the current chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic agents. In Malaria Methods and Protocols, internationally respected scientists and clinicians describe in step-by-step detail their most useful conventional and cutting-edge techniques for the study of malaria. Areas covered include clinical and laboratory diagnosis and typing, animal models, molecular biology, immunology, cell biology, vaccinology, laboratory models, and field applications. Each readily reproducible protocol has been tested, standardized, and optimized for experimental success, and includes many laboratory notes on troubleshooting, avoiding pitfalls, and interpreting results. Several of the most widely used methods are either described here in detail for the first time or have been thoroughly updated since their original publication (e.g., in vitro culture of Plasmodium parasites and in vitro growth inhibition assay).
State-of-the-art and highly practical, Malaria Methods and Protocols makes available to basic and applied researchers today's only comprehensive collection of essential laboratory methods for diagnosing malaria, characterizing the parasite, understanding the interaction between the human host and Plasmodium parasite, and developing effective preventive measures.
"In this book, internationally respected scientists and clinicians describe in step-by-step detail their most useful conventional and cutting-edge techniques for the study of malaria." - Clinical Laboratory International
"This is an outstanding collection of protocols written by over eighty experts in the field. The geographical spread of these contributors is impressive, encompassing writers from thirteen countries on six continents. There is good stylistic continuity throughout the book, despite the diversity of the authors...there is admirable cross-referencing between chapters." -Molecular Biotechnology
Assessing Risk of Infection and Severity of Disease.- Vector Incrimination and Entomological Inoculation Rates.- Epidemiological Measures of Risk of Malaria.- Laboratory Models.- Maintenance of the Plasmodium berghei Life Cycle.- Mouse Models for Pre-Erythrocytic-Stage Malaria.- Mouse Models for Erythrocytic-Stage Malaria.- Nonhuman Primate Models.- Nonhuman Primate Models.- Diagnosis and Typing.- Vector Analysis.- Genotyping of Plasmodium spp..- Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum.- Microsatellite Analysis in Plasmodium falciparum.- Quantitation of Liver-Stage Parasites by Automated TaqMan® Real-Time PCR.- Quantitation of Liver-Stage Parasites by Competitive RT-PCR.- Molecular Biology Techniques.- Extraction and Purification of Plasmodium Total RNA.- Extraction and Purification of Plasmodium Parasite DNA.- Southern Blotting of Parasite DNA.- SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting of Plasmodium falciparum Proteins.- Nested PCR Analysis of Plasmodium Parasites.- RFLP Analysis.- Analysis of Gene Expression by RT-PCR.- In Situ Detection of RNA in Blood- and Mosquito-Stage Malaria Parasites.- Purification of Chromosomes from Plasmodium falciparum.- Construction of Genomic Libraries from the DNA of Plasmodium Species.- Construction of a Gene Library with Mung Bean Nuclease-Treated Genomic DNA.- Construction of Plasmodium falciparum ? cDNA Libraries.- Production of Stage-Specific Plasmodium falciparum cDNA Libraries Using Subtractive Hybridization.- Construction and Screening of YAC Libraries.- Episomal Transformation of Plasmodium berghei.- Gene Targeting in Plasmodium berghei.- Immunological Techniques.- Peptide Vaccination.- DNA Vaccination.- Assessing Antigen-Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Mice After Immunization with Recombinant Viruses.- Assessing CD4+HelperT-Lymphocyte Responses by Lymphoproliferation.- Limiting Dilution Analysis of Antigen-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Mice.- Cell Trafficking.- Assessing Antigen-Specific Proliferation and Cytokine Responses Using Flow Cytometry.- Cytokine Analysis by Intracellular Staining.- Assessment of Antigen-Specific CTL- and CD8+-Dependent IFN-? Responses in Mice.- Assessing Antigen-Specific CD8+ CTL Responses in Humans.- Human Antibody Subclass ELISA.- Systemic Nitric Oxide Production in Human Malaria.- Systemic Nitric Oxide Production in Human Malaria.- Cell Biology Techniques.- In Vitro Culture of Plasmodium Parasites.- Automated Synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites by Culture in a Temperature-Cycling Incubator.- Hepatic Portal Branch Inoculation.- Hepatocyte Perfusion, Isolation, and Culture.- Inhibition of Sporozoite Invasion.- Inhibition of Liver-Stage Development Assay.- T-Cell Mediated Inhibition of Liver-Stage Development Assay.- Antibody-Dependent Cellular Inhibition Assay.- Erythrocytic Malaria Growth or Invasion Inhibition Assays with Emphasis on Suspension Culture GIA.- Analysis of CSA-Binding Parasites and Antiadhesion Antibodies.- Analysis of the Adhesive Properties of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Red Blood Cells Under Conditions of Flow.- Preparation of Adhesive Targets for Flow-Based Cytoadhesion Assays.- Triton X-114 Phase Partitioning for Antigen Characterization.- Immunoprecipitation for Antigen Localization.- Testing Interventions For Malaria Control.- Field Trials.
"In this book, internationally respected scientists and clinicians describe in step-by-step detail their most useful conventional and cutting-edge techniques for the study of malaria." - Clinical Laboratory International
"This is an outstanding collection of protocols written by over eighty experts in the field. The geographical spread of these contributors is impressive, encompassing writers from thirteen countries on six continents. There is good stylistic continuity throughout the book, despite the diversity of the authors...there is admirable cross-referencing between chapters." -Molecular Biotechnology
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Part I. Assessing Risk of Infection and Severity of Diseasen n Vector Incrimination and Entomological Inoculation Ratesn John C. Beiern n Epidemiological Measures of Risk of Malarian J. Kevin Baird, Michael J. Bangs, Jason D. Maguire, and Mazie J. Barcusn n Part II. Laboratory Modelsn n Maintenance of the Plasmodium berghei Life Cyclen Robert E. Sinden, Geoff A. Butcher, and A. L. Beetsman n Mouse Models for Pre-Erythrocytic-Stage Malarian Laurent Rénia, Elodie Belnoue, and Irène Landaun n Mouse Models for Erythrocytic-Stage Malarian Latifu A. Sanni, Luis F. Fonseca, and Jean Langhornen n Nonhuman Primate Models : I. Nonhuman Primate Host-Parasite Combinationsn William E. Collinsn n Nonhuman Primate Models : II. Infection of Saimiri and Aotus Monkeys with Plasmodium vivaxn William E. Collinsn n Part III. Diagnosis and Typingn n Vector Analysisn John C. Beiern n Genotyping of Plasmodium spp.: Nested PCRn Georges Snounoun n Genotyping of Plasmodium falciparum: PCR-RFLP Analysisn Ingrid Felger and Hans-Peter Beckn n Microsatellite Analysis in Plasmodium falciparumn Xin-zhuan Su and Michael T. Ferdign n Quantitation of Liver-Stage Parasites by Automated TaqMan® Real-Time PCRn Adam A. Witney, Robert M. Anthony, and Daniel J. Caruccin n Quantitation of Liver-Stage Parasites by Competitive RT-PCRn Kyle C. McKenna and Marcelo R. S. Brionesn n Part IV. Molecular Biology Techniquesn n Extraction and Purification of Plasmodium Total RNAn Till Vossn n Extraction and Purification of Plasmodium Parasite DNAn Hans-Peter Beckn n Southern Blotting of Parasite DNAn Tobias Spielmannn n SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting of Plasmodium falciparum Proteinsn Roland A. Coopern n Nested PCR Analysis of Plasmodium Parasitesn Georges Snounou and BalbirSinghn n RFLP Analysisn Hans-Peter Beckn n Analysis of Gene Expression by RT-PCRn Peter Preisern n In Situ Detection of RNA in Blood- and Mosquito-Stage Malaria Parasitesn Joanne Thompsonn n Purification of Chromosomes from Plasmodium falciparumn Daniel J. Carucci, Paul Horrocks, and Malcolm J. Gardnern n Construction of Genomic Libraries from the DNA of Plasmodium Speciesn Leda M. Cummings, Dharmendar Rathore, and Thomas F. McCutchann n Construction of a Gene Library with Mung Bean Nuclease-Treated Genomic DNAn Dharmendar Rathore and Thomas F. McCutchann n Construction of Plasmodium falciparum l cDNA Librariesn David A. Fidock, Dharmendar Rathore, and Thomas F. McCutchann n Production of Stage-Specific Plasmodium falciparum cDNA Libraries Using Subtractive Hybridizationn David A. Fidock, Thanh V. Nguyen, Brenda T. Beerntsen, and Anthony A. Jamesn n Construction and Screening of YAC Librariesn Cecilia P. Sanchez, Martin Preuss, and Michael Lanzern n Episomal Transformation of Plasmodium berghein Chris J. Janse and Andrew P. Watersn n Gene Targeting in Plasmodium berghein Vandana Thathy and Robert Ménardn n Part V. Immunological Techniquesn n Peptide Vaccination, Valentin Meraldin Jackeline F. Romero, and Giampietro Corradinn n DNA Vaccinationn Richard C. Hedstrom and Denise L. Doolann n Assessing Antigen-Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Mice After Immunization with Recombinant Virusesn Moriya Tsujin n Assessing CD4+ Helper T-Lymphocyte Responses by Lymphoproliferationn Isabella A. Quakyi and Jeffrey D. Ahlersn n Limiting Dilution Analysis of Antigen-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Micen Elsa Seixas, Jean Langhorne, and Stuart Quinn n Cell Trafficking: Malaria Blood-Stage Parasite-Specific CD4+ T Cells After Adoptive Transfer into Micen Chakrit
Klappentext
The Plasmodium spp. parasite was identified as the causative agent of malaria in 1880, and the mosquito was identified as the vector in 1897. Despite subsequent efforts focused on the epidemiology, cell biology, immunology, molecular biology, and clinical manifestations of malaria and the Plasmodium parasite, there is still no licensed vaccine for the prevention of malaria. Physical barriers (bed nets, window screens) and chemical prevention methods (insecticides and mosquito repellents) intended to interfere with the transmission of the disease are not highly effective, and the profile of resistance of the parasite to chemoprophylactic and chemotherapeutic agents is increasing. The dawn of the new millennium has seen a resurgence of interest in the disease by government and philanthropic organizations, but we are still faced with compl- ities of the parasite, the host, and the vector, and the interactions among them. Malaria Methods and Protocols offers a comprehensive collection of protocols describing conventional and state-of-the-art techniques for the study of malaria, as well as associated theory and potential problems, written by experts in the field. The major themes reflected here include assessing the risk of infection and severity of disease, laboratory models, diagnosis and typing, molecular biology techniques, immunological techniques, cell biology techniques, and field applications.
Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras
