The Quaternary is the most recent major subdivision of the geological record, covering the last 2.5 million years or so of earth history and extending to the present day. Over the course of the Quaternary, the earth's global climate system oscillated between glacial and interglacial modes. A reliable chronology is key to our understanding not only of the dramatic changes in the physical and biotic landscapes that resulted from these major climatic shifts, but also of the important human evolutionary and dispersal events that occurred during this period. Quaternary Dating Methods describes the different techniques that can be employed to establish a Quaternary timescale, and shows the wide range of contexts in which these can be applied.The book begins with a review of the history of Quaternary dating from the early attempts based on biblical genealogies to recent developments involving radiometric methods. The basics of radioactivity and concepts of Quaternary stratigraphy are also introduced. Subsequent chapters cover the different dating techniques, beginning with those based on the radioactive decay of certain chemical elements, through the use of annually-banded records such as tree-rings and varves, to methods that enable materials either to be ranked in terms of relative order of antiquity or to be correlated using time-parallel marker horizons in different sedimentary sequences.This book:* Introduces each dating technique in a clear and straightforward manner, with a minimum of technical detail.* Discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each method.* Focuses on the practical aspects of dating, with specific examples that show the versatility of the different approaches.* Covers a broad field, including Quaternary Science, Earth Science and Archaeology.This book is essential reading for second and third-year undergraduates in Physical Geography, Environmental Science, Earth Science and Archaeology, and for students taking courses in Quaternary Studies, Geochronology, and Palaeoclimatology. It is equally important for professionals in the fields of Earth, Environmental and Archaeological Sciences, who need to know about the range of dating techniques that are available, and about their strengths, limitations and potential applications.
This introductory textbook introduces the basics of dating, the range of techniques available and the strengths and limitations of each of the principal methods.Coverage includes:* the concept of time in Quaternary Science and related fields* the history of dating from lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy* the development and application of radiometric methods* different methods in dating: radiometric dating, incremental dating, relative dating and age equivalencePresented in a clear and straightforward manner with the minimum of technical detail, this text is a great introduction for both students and practitioners in the Earth, Environmental and Archaeological Sciences.
Presented in a clear and straightforward manner with the minimum of technical detail, this introductory textbook introduces the basics of dating, the range of techniques available and the strengths and limitations of each of the principal methods.
This introductory textbook introduces the basics of dating, the range of techniques available and the strengths and limitations of each of the principal methods.
Coverage includes:
* the concept of time in Quaternary Science and related fields
* the history of dating from lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy
* the development and application of radiometric methods
* different methods in dating: radiometric dating, incremental dating, relative dating and age equivalence
Presented in a clear and straightforward manner with the minimum of technical detail, this text is a great introduction for both students and practitioners in the Earth, Environmental and Archaeological Sciences.
Preface.
1 Introduction to Quaternary Dating.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 The development of Quaternary dating.
1.3 Precision and accuracy in dating.
1.4 Atomic structure, radioactivity and radiometric dating.
1.5 The Quaternary: stratigraphic framework and terminology.
1.6 The scope and content of the book.
Notes.
2 Radiometric Dating 1: Radiocarbon Dating.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Basic principles.
2.3 Radiocarbon measurement.
2.4 Sources of error in radiocarbon dating.
2.5 Some problematic dating materials.
2.6 Calibration of the radiocarbon timescale.
2.7 Applications of radiocarbon dating.
Notes.
3 Radiometric Dating 2: Dating using Long-lived and Short-lived Isotopes.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Potassium argon and Argon argon dating.
3.3 Uranium series dating.
3.4 Cosmogenic nuclide dating.
3.5 Dating using short-lived isotopes.
Notes.
4 Radiometric Dating 3: Radiation Exposure Dating.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Luminescence dating.
4.3 Electron spin resonance dating.
4.4 Fission track dating.
Notes.
5 Dating using Annually-Banded Records
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Dendrochronology.
5.3 Varve chronology.
5.4 Lichenometry.
5.5 Annual layers in glacier ice.
5.6 Other media dated by annual banding.
Notes.
6 Relative Dating Methods.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Rock surface weathering.
6.3 Obsidian hydration dating.
6.4 Pedogenesis.
6.5 Relative dating of fossil bone.
6.6 Amino-acid geochronology.
Notes.
7 Techniques for Establishing Age Equivalence.
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Oxygen isotope chronstratigraphy.
7.3 Tephrochronology.
7.4 Palaeomagnetism.
7.5 Palaeosols.
Notes.
8 Dating the future
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Radiometric dating.
8.3 Annually-banded records.
8.4 Age Equivalence.
8.5 Biomolecular dating.
Notes.
References.
Index.
"This book is a must for any Quaternary scientist." (South African Geographical Journal, September 2006)
"...very well organized, clearly and straightforwardly written and provides a good overview on the wide field of Quaternary dating methods ..."(Journal of Quaternary Science, January 2007)
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Über den Autor
Mike Walker is a highly experienced,illegalscript writer of drama and documentary for film, radio and television. He has won several Sony Awards for Best Play as well as a Royal Television Society Gold Medal and other awards including ones from the Society of Authors and Writers Guild. He has also written several novels and non-fiction works and teaches creative writing at Morley College London.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Preface.
1 Introduction to Quaternary Dating.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 The development of Quaternary dating.
1.3 Precision and accuracy in dating.
1.4 Atomic structure, radioactivity and radiometric dating.
1.5 The Quaternary: stratigraphic framework and terminology.
1.6 The scope and content of the book.
Notes.
2 Radiometric Dating 1: Radiocarbon Dating.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Basic principles.
2.3 Radiocarbon measurement.
2.4 Sources of error in radiocarbon dating.
2.5 Some problematic dating materials.
2.6 Calibration of the radiocarbon timescale.
2.7 Applications of radiocarbon dating.
Notes.
3 Radiometric Dating 2: Dating using Long-lived and Short-lived Isotopes.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Potassium argon and Argon argon dating.
3.3 Uranium series dating.
3.4 Cosmogenic nuclide dating.
3.5 Dating using short-lived isotopes.
Notes.
4 Radiometric Dating 3: Radiation Exposure Dating.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Luminescence dating.
4.3 Electron spin resonance dating.
4.4 Fission track dating.
Notes.
5 Dating using Annually-Banded Records
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Dendrochronology.
5.3 Varve chronology.
5.4 Lichenometry.
5.5 Annual layers in glacier ice.
5.6 Other media dated by annual banding.
Notes.
6 Relative Dating Methods.
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 Rock surface weathering.
6.3 Obsidian hydration dating.
6.4 Pedogenesis.
6.5 Relative dating of fossil bone.
6.6 Amino-acid geochronology.
Notes.
7 Techniques for Establishing Age Equivalence.
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Oxygen isotope chronstratigraphy.
7.3 Tephrochronology.
7.4 Palaeomagnetism.
7.5 Palaeosols.
Notes.
8 Dating the future
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Radiometric dating.
8.3 Annually-banded records.
8.4 Age Equivalence.
8.5 Biomolecular dating.
Notes.
References.
Index.
Klappentext
This introductory textbook introduces the basics of dating, the range of techniques available and the strengths and limitations of each of the principal methods.
Coverage includes:
* the concept of time in Quaternary Science and related fields
* the history of dating from lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy
* the development and application of radiometric methods
* different methods in dating: radiometric dating, incremental dating, relative dating and age equivalence
Presented in a clear and straightforward manner with the minimum of technical detail, this text is a great introduction for both students and practitioners in the Earth, Environmental and Archaeological Sciences.
