The primary purpose of this book is to bring to the attention of members of the medical and scientific communities, as well as to other interested persons, a new and expanding area of investigation that features the use of chemicals for the prevention of tumor induction and development. This novel use of chemical compounds has succeeded in producing a remarkable series of discoveries in recent years. Some of these are beginning to be evaluated in the field of clinical oncology in a manner that has potentially enormous public health implications. It is anticipated, therefore, that increasing amounts of time, energy, and financial resources will be devoted to the further development and expansion of this work. The major contribution of this book at the present time is that it summarizes and brings up to date the pioneering efforts of the various scientists who originated this new and exciting field of scientific activity. The thoughts expressed by Louis Pasteur in 1884 may soon be applicable in the fight against cancer: "When meditating over a disease, I never think of finding a remedy for it, but instead a means of preventing it. " The emphasis on cancer prevention currently underway is the result, in part, of an increased awareness that the environment-geographical, cultural, and occupational-has a role in development of the disease.
1Inhibition of Chemical Carcinogenesis by Phenols, Coumarins, Aromatic Isothiocyanates, Flavones, and Indoles.- I. Introduction.- II. Inhibitors of Chemical Carcinogens.- A. Phenols.- B. Coumarins and Other Simple Lactones.- C. Aromatic Isothiocyanates.- D. Flavones.- E. Indoles.- F. Possible Hazards from Inducers of Increased Microsomal Mixed-Function Oxidase Activity.- III. Discussion.- References.- 2Inhibition of Carcinogen Metabolism and Action by Disulfiram, Pyrazole, and Related Compounds.- I. Introduction.- II. Disulfiram.- A. Commercial and Medicinal Use.- B. Toxicity.- C. Effects on Enzyme Systems.- D. Metabolism.- III. Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate and Dithiocarbamate Pesticides.- A. Commercial and Medicinal Use.- B. Toxicity.- C. Effects on Enzyme Systems.- IV. Carbon Disulfide.- A. Commercial Use.- B. Effects on Enzyme Systems.- V. Pyrazole.- A. Metabolism, Toxicity, and Enzyme Inhibition.- VI. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzo[a]pyrene and 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.- A. Metabolism.- B. Effects of Thiono Sulfur Compounds on Carcinogenicity.- VII. Hydrazo and Azoxy Carcinogens.- A. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine.- B. Procarbazine.- VIII. N-Nitrosamines.- A. Dimethylnitrosamine and Diethylnitrosamine.- B. N-Nitrosopyrrolidine.- C. N-n-Butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine.- IX. Arylamines.- A. 2-Acetylaminofluorene.- B. 3,2?-Dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl.- X. Azo Dyes: 3?-Methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene.- XI. Ultraviolet Light.- XII. Spontaneous Tumors.- XIII. Other Effects of Thiono Sulfur Compounds.- References.- 3Retinoids and Chemoprevention of Cancer.- I. Introduction.- II. Retinoids and Epithelial Cell Differentiation.- III. Suppression of Malignant Transformation and Tumor Promotion by Retinoids.- IV. Retinoid Deficiency and Carcinogenesis.- V. Natural Retinoids and Prevention of Carcinogenesis.- VI. Structure-Activity Relationships of New Synthetic Retinoids.- VII. Prevention of Cancer in Experimental Animals with New Synthetic Retinoids.- VIII. Mechanism of Action of Retinoids in Chemoprevention of Cancer.- IX. Mechanism of Toxicity of Retinoids.- X. Combination Chemoprevention with Retinoids.- References.- 4Ascorbic Acid Inhibition of N-Nitroso Compound Formation in Chemical, Food, and Biological Systems.- I. Introduction.- II. In Vitro Studies.- A. Studies in Acidic Aqueous Solutions.- B. Use of Ascorbate in the Meat Industry.- C. Nitrosation in Lipids and by Nitrogen Oxides.- III. In Vivo Studies.- A. Acute Toxicity Experiments.- B. Carcinogenicity Experiments.- C. Chemical Analysis of Biological Materials.- IV Tests on Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of Ascorbic Acid.- V. Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of N-Nitroso Compounds.- VI. Ascorbic Acid and Carcinogenesis in Man.- VII. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 5?-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) and Its Relationship to Tumor Induction and Development.- I. Introduction.- A. Mechanisms of Tumor Induction/Inhibition.- II. Vitamin E as an Antitumor Agent.- A. Ultraviolet Light-Induced Carcinogenesis.- B. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- III. Nitroso Compounds.- A. Carcinogenicity.- B. Mutagenicity.- C. Mechanism of Activation.- D. Implications for Carcinogenesis.- IV. Formation of N-Nitroso Compounds.- A. General Principles.- B. Aqueous Systems.- C. Nonaqueous Systems.- D. Transnitrosation.- V. Blocking N-Nitroso Compound Formation.- A. Principles.- B. Blocking Agents.- C. Integration of Blocking Systems.- VI. ?-Tocopherol Applications.- A. Bacon.- B. Other Foods.- C. Rectal and Colonic Carcinogenesis.- D. Lung Cancer.- E. Bladder Cancer.- F. N-Nitroso Compounds in Blood.- G. Gastric Cancer.- VII. Ascorbic Acid and Tocopherol Effect on Preformed Nitrosamines.- VIII. Summary.- References.- 6Trace Elements and Metals as Anticarcinogens.- I. Introduction.- II. Selenium.- A. Clinical.- B. Animal.- C. Bacterial.- D. Other in Vitro Systems.- III. Zinc.- IV. Copper.- V. Other Trace Elements and Metals.- A. Metal-Metal Anticarcinogenicity.- B. Nutritional Factors.- C. Other Trace Element Effects.- VI. Closing Remarks.- References.- 7Plant Sterols: Protective Role in Chemical Carcinogenesis.- I. Background.- II. Plant Sterols: Structure and Function.- III. Animal Test Systems.- IV. Results.- A. Effect of N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea on Tumor Formation in Animals Given Plant Sterol and / or Bile Acid.- V. Discussion.- References.- 8Immunoprevention.- I. Introduction.- II. Detection of Tumor-Associated Antigens in Experimental Rat Bowel Carcinomas.- III. Evidence that Embryonic Antigens are Associated with Bowel Carcinomas.- IV. Enhanced 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Tumorigenesis in Immunosuppressed Rats.- V. Inhibitory Effect on Bowel Carcinogenesis by Immunization with Transplantable Syngeneic Colon Carcinoma.- VI. Inhibitory Effect on Bowel Carcinogenesis by Immunization with Fetal Tissue.- VII. Inhibition of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Carcinogenesis in Multiparous Rats.- VIII. Effect of Tumor Resection on the Development of Additional Primary Tumors.- IX. Regression of Early Primary Bowel Carcinomas by Multimodal Immunological Treatment.- X. Conclusions.- References.- 9Summation and Future Challenges.- I. Introduction.- II. Challenges to Chemists and Molecular and Cell Biologists.- III. Challenges to Epidemiologists and Oncologists.
The primary purpose of this book is to bring to the attention of members of the medical and scientific communities, as well as to other interested persons, a new and expanding area of investigation that features the use of chemicals for the prevention of tumor induction and development. This novel use of chemical compounds has succeeded in producing a remarkable series of discoveries in recent years. Some of these are beginning to be evaluated in the field of clinical oncology in a manner that has potentially enormous public health implications. It is anticipated, therefore, that increasing amounts of time, energy, and financial resources will be devoted to the further development and expansion of this work. The major contribution of this book at the present time is that it summarizes and brings up to date the pioneering efforts of the various scientists who originated this new and exciting field of scientific activity. The thoughts expressed by Louis Pasteur in 1884 may soon be applicable in the fight against cancer: "When meditating over a disease, I never think of finding a remedy for it, but instead a means of preventing it. " The emphasis on cancer prevention currently underway is the result, in part, of an increased awareness that the environment-geographical, cultural, and occupational-has a role in development of the disease.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1Inhibition of Chemical Carcinogenesis by Phenols, Coumarins, Aromatic Isothiocyanates, Flavones, and Indoles.- I. Introduction.- II. Inhibitors of Chemical Carcinogens.- A. Phenols.- B. Coumarins and Other Simple Lactones.- C. Aromatic Isothiocyanates.- D. Flavones.- E. Indoles.- F. Possible Hazards from Inducers of Increased Microsomal Mixed-Function Oxidase Activity.- III. Discussion.- References.- 2Inhibition of Carcinogen Metabolism and Action by Disulfiram, Pyrazole, and Related Compounds.- I. Introduction.- II. Disulfiram.- A. Commercial and Medicinal Use.- B. Toxicity.- C. Effects on Enzyme Systems.- D. Metabolism.- III. Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate and Dithiocarbamate Pesticides.- A. Commercial and Medicinal Use.- B. Toxicity.- C. Effects on Enzyme Systems.- IV. Carbon Disulfide.- A. Commercial Use.- B. Effects on Enzyme Systems.- V. Pyrazole.- A. Metabolism, Toxicity, and Enzyme Inhibition.- VI. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Benzo[a]pyrene and 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.- A. Metabolism.- B. Effects of Thiono Sulfur Compounds on Carcinogenicity.- VII. Hydrazo and Azoxy Carcinogens.- A. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine.- B. Procarbazine.- VIII. N-Nitrosamines.- A. Dimethylnitrosamine and Diethylnitrosamine.- B. N-Nitrosopyrrolidine.- C. N-n-Butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine.- IX. Arylamines.- A. 2-Acetylaminofluorene.- B. 3,2?-Dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl.- X. Azo Dyes: 3?-Methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene.- XI. Ultraviolet Light.- XII. Spontaneous Tumors.- XIII. Other Effects of Thiono Sulfur Compounds.- References.- 3Retinoids and Chemoprevention of Cancer.- I. Introduction.- II. Retinoids and Epithelial Cell Differentiation.- III. Suppression of Malignant Transformation and Tumor Promotion by Retinoids.- IV. Retinoid Deficiency and Carcinogenesis.- V. Natural Retinoids and Prevention of Carcinogenesis.- VI. Structure-Activity Relationships of New Synthetic Retinoids.- VII. Prevention of Cancer in Experimental Animals with New Synthetic Retinoids.- VIII. Mechanism of Action of Retinoids in Chemoprevention of Cancer.- IX. Mechanism of Toxicity of Retinoids.- X. Combination Chemoprevention with Retinoids.- References.- 4Ascorbic Acid Inhibition of N-Nitroso Compound Formation in Chemical, Food, and Biological Systems.- I. Introduction.- II. In Vitro Studies.- A. Studies in Acidic Aqueous Solutions.- B. Use of Ascorbate in the Meat Industry.- C. Nitrosation in Lipids and by Nitrogen Oxides.- III. In Vivo Studies.- A. Acute Toxicity Experiments.- B. Carcinogenicity Experiments.- C. Chemical Analysis of Biological Materials.- IV Tests on Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of Ascorbic Acid.- V. Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity of N-Nitroso Compounds.- VI. Ascorbic Acid and Carcinogenesis in Man.- VII. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 5?-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) and Its Relationship to Tumor Induction and Development.- I. Introduction.- A. Mechanisms of Tumor Induction/Inhibition.- II. Vitamin E as an Antitumor Agent.- A. Ultraviolet Light-Induced Carcinogenesis.- B. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- III. Nitroso Compounds.- A. Carcinogenicity.- B. Mutagenicity.- C. Mechanism of Activation.- D. Implications for Carcinogenesis.- IV. Formation of N-Nitroso Compounds.- A. General Principles.- B. Aqueous Systems.- C. Nonaqueous Systems.- D. Transnitrosation.- V. Blocking N-Nitroso Compound Formation.- A. Principles.- B. Blocking Agents.- C. Integration of Blocking Systems.- VI. ?-Tocopherol Applications.- A. Bacon.- B. Other Foods.- C. Rectal and Colonic Carcinogenesis.- D. Lung Cancer.- E. Bladder Cancer.- F. N-Nitroso Compounds in Blood.- G. Gastric Cancer.- VII. Ascorbic Acid and Tocopherol Effect on Preformed Nitrosamines.- VIII. Summary.- References.- 6Trace Elements and Metals as Anticarcinogens.- I. Introduction.- II. Selenium.- A. Clinical.- B. Animal.- C. Bacterial.- D. Other in Vitro Systems.- III. Zinc.- IV. Copper.- V. Other Trace Elements and Metals.- A. Metal-Metal Anticarcinogenicity.- B. Nutritional Factors.- C. Other Trace Element Effects.- VI. Closing Remarks.- References.- 7Plant Sterols: Protective Role in Chemical Carcinogenesis.- I. Background.- II. Plant Sterols: Structure and Function.- III. Animal Test Systems.- IV. Results.- A. Effect of N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea on Tumor Formation in Animals Given Plant Sterol and / or Bile Acid.- V. Discussion.- References.- 8Immunoprevention.- I. Introduction.- II. Detection of Tumor-Associated Antigens in Experimental Rat Bowel Carcinomas.- III. Evidence that Embryonic Antigens are Associated with Bowel Carcinomas.- IV. Enhanced 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Tumorigenesis in Immunosuppressed Rats.- V. Inhibitory Effect on Bowel Carcinogenesis by Immunization with Transplantable Syngeneic Colon Carcinoma.- VI. Inhibitory Effect on Bowel Carcinogenesis by Immunization with Fetal Tissue.- VII. Inhibition of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Carcinogenesis in Multiparous Rats.- VIII. Effect of Tumor Resection on the Development of Additional Primary Tumors.- IX. Regression of Early Primary Bowel Carcinomas by Multimodal Immunological Treatment.- X. Conclusions.- References.- 9Summation and Future Challenges.- I. Introduction.- II. Challenges to Chemists and Molecular and Cell Biologists.- III. Challenges to Epidemiologists and Oncologists.
Klappentext
The primary purpose of this book is to bring to the attention of members of the medical and scientific communities, as well as to other interested persons, a new and expanding area of investigation that features the use of chemicals for the prevention of tumor induction and development. This novel use of chemical compounds has succeeded in producing a remarkable series of discoveries in recent years. Some of these are beginning to be evaluated in the field of clinical oncology in a manner that has potentially enormous public health implications. It is anticipated, therefore, that increasing amounts of time, energy, and financial resources will be devoted to the further development and expansion of this work. The major contribution of this book at the present time is that it summarizes and brings up to date the pioneering efforts of the various scientists who originated this new and exciting field of scientific activity. The thoughts expressed by Louis Pasteur in 1884 may soon be applicable in the fight against cancer: "When meditating over a disease, I never think of finding a remedy for it, but instead a means of preventing it. " The emphasis on cancer prevention currently underway is the result, in part, of an increased awareness that the environment-geographical, cultural, and occupational-has a role in development of the disease.
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