The eleventhAdvancedS tudyInstitute(ASI) on Techniquesand Con ceptsof High Energy Physics marks thetransitionfrom anextraordinary centuryof scienceto one thatwill surely bring wonderswe can scarcely imagine.It also marks a transitionfrom its founder,theinimitableTom Ferbel,to its newdirectors . We are honoredto have beenasked to con tinue the venerabletraditionthat Tom established. The school is his distinctivecreation , and will always bearhis mark. The 2000 meetingwas held at the Hotel on the Cay in St. Croix. It is an ideal location: sufficientlysecluded to inspire a vigorous but informal intellectualatmosphere,yet closeenough to the main island to afford opportunitiesto mingle with the locals and partakeof their hospitality.Altogether 76 physicistsboth young, and not so young, par ticipatedfrom 18 count r ies . Forthe first time, this meetingattract ed a substantialnumber of studentsfrom EasternEurope, all of whom were warmly welcomed.The bulk of thefinancialsupportfor themeetingwas providedby the ScientificAffairs Division of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO). The ASI was co-sponsoredby the U .S. Depart ment of Energy (DOE) , by the Fermi National Ac celeratorLaboratory (Fermilab), by the U.S . NationalS cien ceFoundation(NSF ), the Univer sity of Rochester , Florida State University (FSU) and the Institutefor Theoreticaland ExperimentalPhysics (ITEP , Moscow). As is the tradition , the scientificprogramwas designedfor advanced graduatestudentsand recentPhD recipientsin experimentalparticle physics. The present volume covers topics that updateand comple ment those published (by Plenum and Kluw er) for the first ten ASIs. The materi al in this volume shou ld be of interest to a wide audience of physicists.
1 The Standard Model: 30 Years of Glory.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 QCD.- 1.2.1 Deep inelastic at SLAC.- 1.2.2 Neutrino scattering results (1972-1974).- 1.2.3 R(e+e-).- 1.2.4 Scaling violation.- 1.2.5 Drell-Yan reactions.- 1.2.6 Observation of jets.- 1.2.7 Gluon jet observation.- 1.3 Weak interaction and quark and lepton families.- 1.3.1 Neutral current discovery (1973-1974).- 1.3.2 Discovery of the W and Z bosons.- 1.3.2.1 The collider.- 1.3.2.2 The experimental apparatus.- 1.3.3 A new quark : Charm (The 1974 "November revolution").- 1.3.4 The third family: the ? lepton and b quark.- 1.3.4.1 ? discovery.- 1.3.4.2 b quark discovery.- 1.4 LEP and SLC: The ideal machines for Standard Model studies.- 1.4.1 The detectors.- 1.4.2 Electroweak results.- 1.5 Conclusion.- 2 Bremsstrahlung.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Small coupling, large logarithms and evolution.- 2.2.1 Logarithm is not a function.- 2.2.2 Puzzle of DIS and QCD partons.- 2.2.3 QCD DIS minutes.- 2.2.4 LLA parton evolution.- 2.2.4.1 Space-like parton evolution.- 2.2.4.2 Time-like parton cascades.- 2.2.4.3 Apparent and hidden in parton dynamics.- 2.2.4.4 Fluctuation Time and Evolution Times: Coherence.- 2.2.4.5 Vanishing of the forward inelastic diffraction.- 2.3 Bremsstrahlung, coherence, conservation of current.- 2.3.1 Photon Bremsstrahlung.- 2.3.2 Classical Consideration.- 2.3.3 Soft radiation cross section.- 2.3.3.1 Low-Barnett-Kroll wisdom.- 2.3.3.2 Soft Photons don't carry quantum numbers.- 2.3.3.3 Gribov Bremsstrahlung theorem.- 2.3.3.4 Soft Gluons don't carry away no color.- 2.3.4 Independent and coherent radiation.- 2.3.4.1 The role of interference: strict angular ordering.- 2.3.4.2 Angular ordering on the back of envelope.- 2.3.4.3 Time delay and decoherence effects.- 2.4 Back to QCD 80.- 2.4.1 QCD scattering and cross-channel radiation.- 2.4.2 Conservation of color and QCD angular ordering.- 2.4.3 Humpbacked plateau and LPHD.- 2.4.3.1 Solving the DIS evolution.- 2.4.3.2 Coherent hump.- 2.4.3.3 Coherent damping of the Landau singularity.- 2.4.3.4 Brave gluon counting.- 2.4.4 QCD Radiophysics.- 2.4.5 Soft confinement.- 3 Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Non-conservation of baryon number.- 3.2.1 Grand unified theories.- 3.2.2 Anomalous electroweak non-conservation of fermion quantum numbers.- 3.3 Hot Big Bang.- 3.4 Grand unified baryogenesis.- 3.4.1 Baryogenesis in decays of ultra-heavy particles.- 3.4.2 Survival of primordial baryon asymmetry.- 3.5 Leptogenesis.- 3.6 Electroweak baryogenesis.- 3.6.1 Preliminaries.- 3.6.2 Electroweak phase transition.- 3.6.3 Electroweak sphalerons after the phase transition.- 3.6.4 Sources of CP-violation in the EW theory and its extensions.- 3.6.5 Uniform scalar fields.- 3.6.6 Asymmetry from fermion-domain wall interactions.- 3.7 Conclusions.- 4 Introduction to Superstring Theory.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Lecture 1: Overview and Motivation.- 4.2.1 Supersymmetry.- 4.2.2 Basic Ideas of String Theory.- 4.2.3 A Brief History of String Theory.- 4.2.4 Compactification.- 4.2.5 Perturbation Theory.- 4.2.6 The Second Superstring Revolution.- 4.2.7 The Origins of Gauge Symmetry.- 4.2.8 Conclusion.- 4.3 Lecture 2: String Theory Basics.- 4.3.1 World-Line Description of a Point Particle.- 4.3.2 World-Volume Actions.- 4.3.3 Boundary Conditions.- 4.3.4 Quantization.- 4.3.5 The Free String Spectrum.- 4.3.6 The Number of Physical States.- 4.3.7 The Structure of String Perturbation Theory.- 4.3.8 Recapitulation.- 4.4 Lecture 3: Superstrings.- 4.4.1 The Gauge-Fixed Theory.- 4.4.2 The R and NS Sectors.- 4.4.3 The GSO Projection.- 4.4.4 Type II Superstrings.- 4.4.5 Anomalies.- 4.4.6 Heterotic Strings.- 4.4.7 T Duality.- 4.5 Lecture 4: From Super strings to M Theory.- 4.5.1 M Theory.- 4.5.2 Type II p-branes.- 4.5.3 Type IIB Superstring Theory.- 4.5.4 The D3-Brane and N = 4 Gauge Theory.- 4.5.5 Conclusion.- 5 Neutrino Mass and Oscillations.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Neutrinos in the Standard Model.- 5.3 Direct Measurements of Neutrin
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The eleventhAdvancedS tudyInstitute(ASI) on Techniquesand Con ceptsof High Energy Physics marks thetransitionfrom anextraordinary centuryof scienceto one thatwill surely bring wonderswe can scarcely imagine.It also marks a transitionfrom its founder,theinimitableTom Ferbel,to its newdirectors . We are honoredto have beenasked to con tinue the venerabletraditionthat Tom established. The school is his distinctivecreation , and will always bearhis mark. The 2000 meetingwas held at the Hotel on the Cay in St. Croix. It is an ideal location: sufficientlysecluded to inspire a vigorous but informal intellectualatmosphere,yet closeenough to the main island to afford opportunitiesto mingle with the locals and partakeof their hospitality.Altogether 76 physicistsboth young, and not so young, par ticipatedfrom 18 count r ies . Forthe first time, this meetingattract ed a substantialnumber of studentsfrom EasternEurope, all of whom were warmly welcomed.The bulk of thefinancialsupportfor themeetingwas providedby the ScientificAffairs Division of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO). The ASI was co-sponsoredby the U .S. Depart ment of Energy (DOE) , by the Fermi National Ac celeratorLaboratory (Fermilab), by the U.S . NationalS cien ceFoundation(NSF ), the Univer sity of Rochester , Florida State University (FSU) and the Institutefor Theoreticaland ExperimentalPhysics (ITEP , Moscow). As is the tradition , the scientificprogramwas designedfor advanced graduatestudentsand recentPhD recipientsin experimentalparticle physics. The present volume covers topics that updateand comple ment those published (by Plenum and Kluw er) for the first ten ASIs. The materi al in this volume shou ld be of interest to a wide audience of physicists.
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